SQLite is a lightweight, self-contained database engine. Hardening SQLite involves applying security measures to protect database integrity and prevent unauthorized access.
- Regularly update SQLite to ensure you have the latest security patches. - Check the official SQLite website for updates.
- Restrict file permissions to allow only authorized users access. - Example:
- Use an encrypted database with SQLCipher. - Protect sensitive data by encrypting specific columns manually if full-database encryption isn’t an option.
- Validate and sanitize all user inputs to prevent SQL injection. - Use parameterized queries instead of concatenated SQL strings.
- Use WAL mode for better performance, but ensure WAL files are protected. - Example:
- Perform regular backups to prevent data loss. - Use `PRAGMA integrity_check;` to verify database consistency.
- Avoid exposing SQLite databases over networks. - Use local storage or secure API access mechanisms.
- SQLite may create temporary files during queries; ensure `/tmp` and other temp directories are secured. - Example:
- Implement application-level controls for role-based access. - Ensure proper session handling in web applications using SQLite.
- Log access and changes to the database. - Use tools like `sqlite3_analyzer` to review database usage and structure.
Applying these hardening techniques will enhance SQLite security, protect data integrity, and prevent unauthorized access. Regular maintenance and monitoring are key to ongoing database security.